How to convert CCF to therms
A gas meter measures volume. A therm measures energy: 100,000 Btu.[btu] To turn one into the other you need the heat content of the gas, which EIA reports in Btu per cubic foot. In 2025 gas delivered to U.S. consumers averaged 1,036 Btu per cubic foot.[ngheat]
- Therms = CCF × heat content ÷ 1,000. At 1,036 Btu/cf, 1 CCF = 100 × 1,036 = 103,600 Btu = 1.036 therms.
- Therms = MCF × heat content ÷ 100. 1 MCF = 1,000 cubic feet = 10.36 therms.
- CCF = therms × 1,000 ÷ heat content. 1 therm = 0.965 CCF.
Worked example: a winter month of 80 CCF at the U.S. heat content is 82.9 therms. At the U.S. home average of $1.58 per therm (Sep 2025–Aug 2026), that gas costs about $130.78.[ngprice] Your own monthly bill at your state's price is on average gas bill.
MCF to therms
MCF is 1,000 cubic feet, the unit EIA uses for its state residential prices. At 1,036 Btu per cubic foot, 1 MCF = 10.36 therms, and a price of $10 per MCF equals $0.97 per therm. Those EIA prices are converted to dollars per therm the same way on natural gas prices.[ngprice][ngheat] A dekatherm is 10 therms, or one million Btu (MMBtu), the unit the Henry Hub wholesale price is quoted in.[hh]
Therms to kWh
One kWh is 3,412 Btu, so one therm equals 29.31 kWh of energy and 1 CCF at U.S. heat content equals 30 kWh.[btu] That is an energy equivalence, not a cost one: a 95% furnace turns 95% of a therm into heat, while a heat pump at the federal minimum HSPF2 of 7.5 delivers about 2.2 units of heat per unit of electricity over a season (HSPF2 ÷ 3.412).[cfr430] Compare heating costs with heat pump vs furnace cost. To price an electric appliance in kWh, use the kWh calculator.
Therms per CCF by state
Heat content differs from state to state. EIA's 2025 values, with each state's average residential price per therm (Sep 2025–Aug 2026) restated per CCF:[ngheat][ngprice]
| State | Btu per cubic foot | Therms per CCF | Therms per MCF | Price per therm | Price per CCF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 1,032 | 1.032 | 10.32 | $1.79 | $1.84 |
| Alaska | 988 | 0.988 | 9.88 | $1.38 | $1.36 |
| Arizona | 1,024 | 1.024 | 10.24 | $1.97 | $2.02 |
| Arkansas | 1,022 | 1.022 | 10.22 | $2.19 | $2.24 |
| California | 1,022 | 1.022 | 10.22 | $2.17 | $2.22 |
| Colorado | 1,066 | 1.066 | 10.66 | $1.09 | $1.16 |
| Connecticut | 1,031 | 1.031 | 10.31 | $1.74 | $1.80 |
| Delaware | 1,034 | 1.034 | 10.34 | $1.78 | $1.84 |
| District of Columbia | 1,033 | 1.033 | 10.33 | $1.73 | $1.78 |
| Florida | 1,024 | 1.024 | 10.24 | $2.59 | $2.65 |
| Georgia | 1,032 | 1.032 | 10.32 | $2.15 | $2.22 |
| Hawaii | 917 | 0.917 | 9.17 | $6.63 | $6.08 |
| Idaho | 1,039 | 1.039 | 10.39 | $0.77 | $0.80 |
| Illinois | 1,048 | 1.048 | 10.48 | $1.14 | $1.19 |
| Indiana | 1,058 | 1.058 | 10.58 | $1.15 | $1.22 |
| Iowa | 1,060 | 1.060 | 10.60 | $1.10 | $1.16 |
| Kansas | 1,039 | 1.039 | 10.39 | $1.39 | $1.45 |
| Kentucky | 1,049 | 1.049 | 10.49 | $1.56 | $1.64 |
| Louisiana | 1,020 | 1.020 | 10.20 | $1.95 | $1.99 |
| Maine | 1,048 | 1.048 | 10.48 | $1.97 | $2.06 |
| Maryland | 1,039 | 1.039 | 10.39 | $1.69 | $1.75 |
| Massachusetts | 1,031 | 1.031 | 10.31 | $2.56 | $2.64 |
| Michigan | 1,060 | 1.060 | 10.60 | $1.09 | $1.15 |
| Minnesota | 1,055 | 1.055 | 10.55 | $1.07 | $1.13 |
| Mississippi | 1,023 | 1.023 | 10.23 | $1.74 | $1.78 |
| Missouri | 1,023 | 1.023 | 10.23 | $1.66 | $1.70 |
| Montana | 1,062 | 1.062 | 10.62 | $0.87 | $0.92 |
| Nebraska | 1,056 | 1.056 | 10.56 | $1.22 | $1.29 |
| Nevada | 1,042 | 1.042 | 10.42 | $1.08 | $1.12 |
| New Hampshire | 1,039 | 1.039 | 10.39 | $1.95 | $2.03 |
| New Jersey | 1,038 | 1.038 | 10.38 | $1.43 | $1.48 |
| New Mexico | 1,020 | 1.020 | 10.20 | $1.09 | $1.11 |
| New York | 1,032 | 1.032 | 10.32 | $1.82 | $1.88 |
| North Carolina | 1,046 | 1.046 | 10.46 | $1.90 | $1.99 |
| North Dakota | 1,047 | 1.047 | 10.47 | $0.97 | $1.02 |
| Ohio | 1,062 | 1.062 | 10.62 | $1.31 | $1.39 |
| Oklahoma | 1,038 | 1.038 | 10.38 | $1.78 | $1.85 |
| Oregon | 1,075 | 1.075 | 10.75 | $1.62 | $1.74 |
| Pennsylvania | 1,036 | 1.036 | 10.36 | $1.54 | $1.60 |
| Rhode Island | 1,030 | 1.030 | 10.30 | $2.00 | $2.06 |
| South Carolina | 1,036 | 1.036 | 10.36 | $1.80 | $1.86 |
| South Dakota | 1,075 | 1.075 | 10.75 | $0.99 | $1.06 |
| Tennessee | 1,025 | 1.025 | 10.25 | $1.31 | $1.34 |
| Texas | 1,016 | 1.016 | 10.16 | $2.25 | $2.28 |
| Utah | 1,049 | 1.049 | 10.49 | $1.06 | $1.11 |
| Vermont | 1,048 | 1.048 | 10.48 | $1.75 | $1.84 |
| Virginia | 1,047 | 1.047 | 10.47 | $1.72 | $1.81 |
| Washington | 1,096 | 1.096 | 10.96 | $1.65 | $1.81 |
| West Virginia | 1,087 | 1.087 | 10.87 | $1.33 | $1.44 |
| Wisconsin | 1,049 | 1.049 | 10.49 | $1.13 | $1.19 |
| Wyoming | 1,054 | 1.054 | 10.54 | $1.20 | $1.27 |
Frequently asked questions
How many therms are in a CCF?
About 1.036 therms at the U.S. average heat content of 1,036 Btu per cubic foot (EIA, 2025). Your bill's therm factor gives the exact figure for your month.
How do you convert MCF to therms?
Multiply MCF by the heat content in Btu per cubic foot and divide by 100. At 1,036 Btu/cf, 1 MCF is 10.36 therms.
How many kWh are in a therm?
29.31 kWh: a therm is 100,000 Btu and a kWh is 3,412 Btu.
Is a CCF the same as a therm?
Nearly, but not exactly. A CCF is a volume and a therm is energy; with gas at 1,036 Btu per cubic foot, a CCF holds 1.036 therms.
Sources
- Heat Content of Natural Gas Delivered to Consumers, by state (2025, Btu per cubic foot)
- British thermal units (Btu): heat content of electricity (3,412 Btu/kWh), natural gas, heating oil (138,500 Btu/gal) and propane (91,452 Btu/gal)
- Natural Gas Prices: Price of Natural Gas Delivered to Residential Consumers, monthly by state (data through August 2026)
- 10 CFR 430.32, Energy and water conservation standards: split-system heat pumps SEER2 14.3 / HSPF2 7.5 (from Jan 1, 2023); non-weatherized gas furnaces 80% AFUE, 95% from Dec 18, 2028; non-weatherized oil furnaces 83% AFUE
- Henry Hub Natural Gas Spot Price (dollars per million Btu), daily and monthly